语法讲解

so的用法

来源:小强英语学习网发布日期:2017-07-18阅读数:3851

so的用法
so可用作副词和连词,作副词,可译作“这样地;像……一样;(……也)正是那样”,作连词,可译作“所以;那么.”

1.so通常置于所修饰的形容词、副词之前.
so修饰“a(an)+形容词+名词”时,排列顺序为“so+形容词+a(an)+名词”.如:
I”ve never seen so amusing a film.
我从来没有看过这么有趣的电影.

此时要注意与such的区别,即such修饰“a(an)+形容词+名词”,排列顺序为such +a(an)+形容词+名词.
如:I”ve never seen such a beautiful lake.
我从未见过这么美丽的湖.

此时要注意:a,an置于such之后,但no,any,some,all,many等则置于such之前.如:
I”ve heard of some such rumors.
我听到过一些这样的谣传.


2.so+系动词(助动词或情态动词)+另一主语.
此句型是主谓倒装结构,表示前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语.其中so作“也这样;也如此”解.
此时要注意:so后的系动词、助动词或情态动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致.如:

I enjoy reading the book and so does my wife.
我喜欢看这本书,我的妻子也喜欢.

so用于肯定句,否定句则用neither.如:
I don”t like carrots.
我不喜欢胡萝卜.
Neither do I.
我也不喜欢.

3.so +主语+系动词(助动词或情态动词)此句型的主语与前一句的主语相同,因而主谓不倒装.
这种句型表示说话者对前句所提到的情况或事实表示赞同,其中so作“不错;确实如此”解.如:

-It is cold today.
今天天气很冷.
-So it is.
不错,是很冷.
-He studies hard.
他学习很努力.
-So he does.
确实如此.

4.主语+表示看法、意见等动词+so
在此句型中,so只用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,等于代替肯定的名词性从句.可与believe,imagine,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等动词及I”m afraid连用.如:
-Is he going to study abroad?
他打算去留学吗?
-I believe so.(=I believe (that)he is going to study abroad.)我想是的.
此时要注意:think so,believe so,expect so,等变为否定形式有两种方法:
(1)可以用动词的否定结构.如:I don”t believe(suppose,think …)so等;
(2)也可用not代替so,但be afraid so,fear so,hope so等变为否定形式只能用not代替so.
如:I hope not,I fear not,  I”m afraid not.

要注意此用法不能和表示确信、疑问的词连用.如:
I”m sure of it.
我确信如此.(不能说I”m sure so.)

5.主语+do+so
在此句型中,so和动词do连用,可用来替代上文出现过的动宾和动状结构,以避免重复.如:
-Have you handed in your homework?
你的作业交了没有?
-I did so yesterday.(did so = handed in my homework.)(动宾结构)我的作业交了.
-Jack can jump over the fence.
杰克能跳过这个栅栏.
-I”m not sure whether David can do so.(do so = jump over the fence.)(动状结构)大卫能不能,我没把握.

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6.作连词时,意为“因此,所以”引导目的或结果状语从句.如:

 

引导目的状语从句时,表示“以便;为了”,从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词;
引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用can和may等词,在so that前可以用逗号,意思是“因此;所以”.
如:The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.(目的状语从句)

I”m going to take an early bus so that I”ll get there in time.
我打算乘早班公共汽车,以便及时赶到那里.(目的状语从句)

I took an early bus so that I got there in time.
我乘了早班公共汽车,及时赶到了那里.(结果状语从句

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7. so ...that ..
so+形容词或副词+that ...引导结果状语从句.意思是“如此……以致于……”.
如:When the football fans saw Beckham,they got so excited that they cried out.